Activity 2

In the following diagrams the yellow marble represents an electron. The shiny pink represents the protons, and the dull pink represents the neutrons.

1. What is the atomic number for each of your models?
Carbon: 6
Helium: 2
Oxygen: 8
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models?
Carbon: 12.0107
Helium:4.002602
Oxygen: 15.9994
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?
My protons and electrons are equal in number.

4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models?  What would change with the model?
If I were to make an isotope of one of my models I would change the number or Neutrons. That changes the atomic mass number it keeps the atomic number the same.

5. Considering the overall volume of your element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?
I believe the nucleous makes up most of the volume of an atom. It has a high concentration of protons and neutrons close together.
6. For one of your models, show with another image what happens when energy excites an electron.

In this picture the electron jumped to the 2nd level when it got excited. 

7. Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state?
When it returns to the ground-state it emits a photon which can sometimes be seen as a light.

8. Why are some elements different colors when they are excited? Hint: when electrons are excited (by something like heat from an explosive) they move up to another orbital and when they fall back they release the energy in the form of light.
Different Elements create different colors. As a electron is falling back down they release the energy which is in the form of light. When the electron moves past a prism of light it gives off a certain color. As elements are different in shape and speed they will give off different colors.

9. With the Fourth of July coming up quickly, explain how the colors of fireworks arise.
Fireworks are a big scale atom. The atom is obsorbed by the heat of the firework being shot up which excites the electron and pushes it to an outer ring. As the electron falls back down it will release a photon which will be seen as light. The light catches a color on the prism and that is the color we see. Fireworks are created using different elements as different elements create different colors .

10.  Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.
The periodic table is structured in many different ways. First it is structured in order by atomic number. The atomic number represents the amount of protons in the nucleus. The vertical columns are families or groups of elements with similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows hold the different classes of elements. The metallic are on the left and the non-metallic are on the right.

11. List two example elements for each of these groups or classes: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth, Halogens, Noble Gases, Transition Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids.
Alkali Metals: Lithium, Sodium
Alkaline Earth: Calcium. Barium
Halogens: Fluorine, Chlorine
Noble Gases: Helium, Neon
Transition Metals: Cobalt, Zinc
Non-Metals: Hydrogen, Oxygen
Metalloids: Boron, Silicon